UvaNIf neurons. a, Raw traces of a simultaneously recorded UvaNIf–HVCI pair. UvaNIf bursts frequently precede HVCI bursts. b, The IFR plots of the same neuron pair reveals dense UvaNIf bursting. ci, The covariance function of this neuron pair exhibits a negative dip that extends up to several seconds after UvaNIf spikes (top trace, 20 ms smoothing kernel). cii, The average covariance function of eight UvaNIf–HVCI pairs (4 ms kernel) reveals a very large positive peak at a time lag of 3 ms of UvaNIf burst spikes (solid line) and a flat and negative covariance behavior for UvaNIf single spikes (dashed line). Note the different time scales in ci and cii.