Figure 6.

Pioglitazone did not reverse impaired performance in the spatial memory-based Morris water maze test. APP mice (▲) displayed longer latencies to reach a hidden platform compared with wild-type littermates (●), as well as decreased time and traveling distance in the target quadrant during the removed-platform probe trial. Pioglitazone (pio) did not improve performance of either treated APP (△) or wild-type (○) mice. Swim speeds were comparable among groups (^★p < 0.05, ^★★p < 0.01, ^★★★p < 0.001) (n = 4–10 mice/group). Error bars represent SEM.