Exogenous 5-HT rescues the hypercapnic ventilatory response. A, Plethysmography recordings from an Lmx1bf/f/p mouse breathing 0% CO2 and 7% CO2 (both in 50% O2) before (red), and on the second day of intracerebroventricular infusion of 5 mm 5-HT (black). B, Effect of CO2 on ventilation in WT mice (blue; n = 7), Lmx1bf/f/p mice before intracerebroventricular infusion (red; n = 9), and Lmx1bf/f/p mice on the second day of intracerebroventricular infusion of 5-HT at concentrations (within the pump) of 0.5 (brown; n = 5), 1.0 (purple; n = 7), and 5.0 mm (black; n = 6). Data were obtained in 50% O2. Inset, Baseline ventilation in 21% O2. C, Mean TCore in Lmx1bf/f/p mice with (black) or without (red) intracerebroventricular 5-HT infusion. Data were combined from all animals at 5-HT concentrations of 1, 5, and 25 mm. Two-way ANOVA (p < 0.001 for 5-HT level and condition), and unpaired t test were used; $p < 0.05 for intracerebroventricular 5-HT versus control; *p < 0.05 for 1.0 mm 5-HT versus control; †p < 0.05 for 5.0 mm 5-HT versus control; #p < 0.05 for Lmx1bf/f/p control and 0.5 mm 5-HT versus WT. Data are mean ± SEM.