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. 2008 Nov 5;28(45):11650–11661. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3024-08.2008

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Phenotypic characterization of the activated microglial cells in PS1xAPP mice hippocampus at 6 and 18 months of age. A, High magnification of CD11b positive microglial cell in 6 (a1) and 18 month (a2) PS1xAPP mice. At 6 months of age (a1), the activated microglial cells were mostly restricted to the Aβ plaques (asterisks) whereas the interplaque microglia displayed a resting morphology (a1, inset). At 18 months of age (a2), both plaque-associated and interplaque microglia displayed an activated morphology. The inset displays an interplaque activated microglial cell. B, C, The expression of classic (B) activation markers of microglial cells and the mRNA expression of genes considered markers of the alternative activation (C) were quantitatively determined (by real time RT-PCR) in 6- and 18-month-old WT and PS1xAPP mice (10 mice per mice group and age). The expression of the different genes was normalized by GAPDH or β-actin with identical results. Data are expressed in reference to 6-month-old WT mice. Significance was analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (*p < 0.05). D, The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and iNOS were quantitatively determined in 6-, 12-, and 18-month-old WT and PS1xAPP hippocampi. For each age and mice group, 10 animals were used. Data (mean ± SD) between mice groups (WT and PS1xAPP) and ages were compared by one-way ANOVA (TNF-α, F (5,54) = 91.42; p < 0.0001; iNOS F (5,54) = 57.03, p < 0.0001) followed by Tukey's test. Significance (p < 0.05) was indicated in the figure. Scale bars: a1, a2, 100 μm; insets, 20 μm.