Experiment 3. Effects on the PMd–Fos immunoreactivity of saline (Sal), propranolol (Prop; 10 mg/kg, i.p.), and nadolol (Nado; 10 mg/kg, i.p.) injections 30 min before cat odor exposure. A, Bright-field photomicrographs illustrating the PMd–Fos-positive cells in the saline (Sal)-, propranolol (Prop)-, and nadolol (Nad)-injected groups. fx, fornix; 3V, third ventricle. B, Histogram showing the mean + SEM number of PMd–Fos-positive cells in the Sal-, Prop-, and Nad-treated groups. Data represent means + SEM for five rats per group. *p < 0.05 compared with saline group. One-way ANOVA followed by Newman–Keuls test.