Table 2.
Unadjusted and adjusted ORs for NAFLD in relation to AFR and SMI
| NAFLD Status | Bivariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||
| Yes | No | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| n | 476 | 3,113 | ||||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Female | 198 | 2,339 | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – |
| Male | 278 | 774 | 4.2* | 3.5‐5.2 | 4.2* | 3.5‐5.2 | 3.3* | 2.4‐4.4 | 2.9* | 2.0‐4.2 |
| Age (years) | ||||||||||
| <50 | 167 | 1,314 | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – |
| 50‐65 | 206 | 1,156 | 1.4* | 1.1‐1.7 | 1.4* | 1.1‐1.7 | 1.7* | 1.3‐2.2 | 1.2 | 0.9‐1.6 |
| >65 | 103 | 643 | 1.3 | 0.9‐1.6 | 1.1 | 0.8‐1.4 | 1.9 | 1.4‐2.6 | 1.2 | 0.83‐1.7 |
| Income (US $)† | ||||||||||
| <3,030 | 75 | 493 | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – |
| 3,030‐12,121 | 313 | 2,193 | 0.9 | 0.7‐1.2 | 0.8 | 0.6‐1.0 | 0.9 | 0.7‐1.3 | 0.9 | 0.7‐1.4 |
| >12,121 | 88 | 427 | 1.4 | 0.9‐1.9 | 0.9 | 0.7‐1.4 | 0.9 | 0.6‐1.5 | 1.0 | 0.6‐1.6 |
| Smoking (cigarettes) | ||||||||||
| Never smokers | 295 | 2,657 | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | ||
| Quit smoking | 54 | 166 | 2.9* | 2.1‐4.0 | 1.4 | 0.9‐2.0 | 1.3 | 0.8‐2.1 | ||
| Current smokers | 127 | 290 | 3.9* | 3.1‐5.0 | 1.9* | 1.4‐2.7 | 2.0* | 1.4‐3.0 | ||
| ALT (IU/L) | ||||||||||
| Low (men ≤33; women ≤25) | 239 | 2,805 | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | ||
| High (men >33; women >25) | 237 | 308 | 9.0* | 7.3‐11.2 | 8.7* | 6.9‐11.1 | 7.6* | 5.8‐10.0 | ||
| Insulin resistance | ||||||||||
| Low (≤2.0) | 279 | 2,718 | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | ||
| High (>2.0) | 197 | 395 | 4.9* | 3.9‐6.0 | 4.9* | 3.8‐6.3 | 4.0* | 3.0‐5.3 | ||
| AFR‡ | ||||||||||
| Tertile 1 (0, 0.093) | 16 | 1,031 | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | ||||
| Tertile 2 (0.093, 0.1) | 82 | 1,020 | 5.2* | 3.1‐9.2 | 3.2* | 1.8‐5.3 | ||||
| Tertile 3 (0.1, 1.0) | 378 | 1,062 | 22.9* | 14.3‐39.7 | 10.0* | 5.8‐18.5 | ||||
| SMI§ | ||||||||||
| Low (men <29.1%; women <25.1%) | 231 | 449 | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | ||||
| High (men ≥29.1%; women ≥25.1%) | 245 | 2,664 | 0.2* | 0.1‐0.2 | 0.1* | 0.07‐0.13 | ||||
*
Denotes significant associations where P < 0.05.
†
Chinese RMB was converted into US $ based on the average exchange rate in December 2017 (US $1 = RMB 6.6).
‡
AFR is android fat mass/total fat mass.
§
SMI is ALM/weight × 100, where ALM is arms lean mass + legs lean mass.