Table 1.
Demographics, risk factors, and hospital characteristics
| High‐degree AV block (n = 2706) | Sinoatrial node dysfunction (n = 393) | No major conduction disorder (n = 63 862) | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD) | 67 ± 13a | 74 ± 12b | 62 ± 13c | <.001 |
| Male | 60.8%a | 60.6%a | 69.6%b | <.001 |
| Race White | 71.5%a | 76.3%a | 71.8%a | 0.13 |
| Hypertension | 63.2%a | 69.7%a | 65.3%a | .02 |
| Diabetes | 33.2%a | 33.1%a,b | 27.6%b | <.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 56.1%a | 61.3%a,b | 64.9%b | <.001 |
| Current smoking | 32.2%a | 22.9%b | 36.6%c | <.001 |
| Obesity | 12.6%a | 13.2%a | 14.1%a | .08 |
| Coronary artery disease | 15.8%a | 11.5%a,b | 13.0%b | <.001 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 7.3%a | 9.2%a | 8.8%a | .02 |
| Prior PCI | 10.2%a | 10.7%a,b | 12.3%b | .003 |
| Prior CABG | 3.5%a | 5.3%a | 3.3%a | .06 |
| Prior stroke/TIA | 4.8%a | 5.9%a | 4.0%a | .03 |
| Congestive heart failure | 22.5%a | 27.5%a | 12.1%b | <.001 |
| Anemia | 16.7%a | 23.2%a | 9.9%b | <.001 |
| Renal failure | 13.1%a | 22.9%b | 8.1%c | <.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 17.1%a | 19.1%a,b | 14.7%b | <.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 10.5%a | 16.5%b | 7.8%c | <.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter | 18.3%a | 45.0%b | 11.2%c | <.001 |
| Hospital location/ status | a | a,b | b | .007 |
| Rural hospital | 7.3% | 7.4% | 7.7% | |
| Urban teaching hospital | 53.3% | 47.9% | 49.7% | |
| Urban nonteaching hospital | 39.4% | 44.6% | 42.6% | |
| Hospital size | a | a | a | .69 |
| Small | 9.7% | 7.7% | 9.4% | |
| Medium | 23.7% | 25.1% | 24.4% | |
| Large | 66.6% | 67.2% | 66.2% | |
| Hospital region | a | a | a | .96 |
| Midwest | 22.6% | 24.2% | 23.1% | |
| Northeast | 16.9% | 16.3% | 16.2% | |
| South | 39.5% | 39.2% | 39.6% | |
| West | 21.0% | 20.4% | 21.1% | |
| Cardiac arrest | 20.7%a | 14.5%a | 8.5%b | <.001 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 34.0%a | 15.8%b | 8.0%c | <.001 |
| In‐hospital PCI | 84.7%a | 74.8%b | 83.5%a | <.001 |
| In‐hospital CABG | 5.1%a | 6.6%a | 5.2%a | .44 |
| Length of stay (days; median [IQR]) | 4 [3–7]a | 6 [3–9]b | 3 [2–4]c | <.001 |
| Cost ($; median [IQR]) | 85 342 [57235‐135 494]a | 96 192 [59578‐151 647]a | 64 994 [44400‐97 697]b | <.001 |
Abbreviations: AV, atrioventricular; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; IQR, interquartile range; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
Different alphabet (a, b, or c) denotes significant difference (P < .001).