Table 2.

Pharmacokinetic properties of oral anticoagulants (adapted from Jain et al13 and Lutz et al14)

Oral anticoagulant	Mechanism of action	Prodrug	Pharmacokinetic properties
			Metabolism	Dialyzable	Dose adjustment
Warfarin	Vitamin K antagonist	No	Predominantly via cytochrome P450 type 2C9 (CYP2C9)	No	No
Dabigatran	Direct inhibitor of free thrombin and fibrin‐bound thrombin	Yes	Renal excretion 80%	Yes	Yes
Rivaroxaban	Free and clot‐bound Xa factor inhibitor, prothrombinase activity inhibitor	No	Renal excretion 66%, 36% as unchanged drug	No	Yes
Apixaban	Free and clot‐bound Xa factor inhibitor	No	Metabolized in liver via CYP3A4, renal excretion 27% and in feces	Partial	No
Edoxaban	Free Xa factor and tissue factor inhibitor	No	10% hydrolyzed by carboxylesterase 1, 50% unchanged upon renal excretion	No	Yes