LTIH suppresses protein levels in hypoglossal motoneurons. Average immunofluorescent signaling, relative to adjacent background, ± SE using techniques as previously described (Zhu et al., 2007), reveals decreased levels of all three motoneuronal proteins assayed. Asterisks denote p < 0.05, relative to sham IH. Note all three proteins are only partially reduced, and to a similar degree.