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. 2019 Aug 1;9:11211. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47286-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Examples of various types of coat color abnormalities seen in knockout mice. Mc1r knockout mice (A, left) have uniformly hypopigmented strawberry blonde coat color compared with wild type C57BL/6N (A, right) control mice. Mice with targeted deletion of the Dct gene have a brown-colored coat (B,B’, left) compared with wild type C57BL/6N (B,B’, right) control mice. Knockout mice with a white patch on the abdomen have been observed with variable penetrance. Just three of eight Endog knockout mice were found to have a white patch on the belly (C,C’), which may be sporadic, or may represent reduced penetrance related to the targeted deletion.