Table 1.

Immunohistochemical analysis: treatment effect within gender^a and gender^b differences

	Dentate gyrus (MC1)		Dentate gyrus (PHF1)		Motor cortex (MC1)		Brainstem (MC1)
	M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F
2–5 months
Tg control	8.03 ± 2.44	37.05 ± 6.37+++	8.91 ± 3.62	23.96 ± 1.19++	0.89 ± 0.33	2.74 ± 0.48++	0.38 ± 0.12	4.72 ± 1.89++
Tg Phos-tau	6.94 ± 3.03	4.13 ± 1.26****	13.72 ± 6.89	2.78 ± 2.15***	0.09 ± 0.07*	0.06 ± 0.03***	0.12 ± 0.04*	0.19 ± 0.16**
2–8 months
Tg control	7.39 ± 3.40	30.21 ± 2.17+++	9.46 ± 6.78	24.54 ± 5.19	2.09 ± 1.60	2.83 ± 1.54	1.88 ± 1.37	5.12 ± 1.29
Tg Phos-tau	3.00 ± 1.89	17.18 ± 4.19**/++	7.32 ± 5.67	15.08 ± 6.38*	0.08 ± 0.07**	0.36 ± 0.12*	0.23 ± 0.18*	1.39 ± 0.31**/++

^aTreatment effect within gender: Significantly more effect of the immunization on reducing pathological tau was observed in females (eight of eight groups) than males (four of eight groups) compared with controls. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, and ***p ≤ 0.001, significantly different from control mice within the same gender.

^bGender differences: Significant gender differences were observed between some of the groups. In the 2−5 month study, male (n = 8) and female (n = 6) controls differed in all the areas analyzed but not Phos-tau-immunized males (n = 5) and females (n = 7). In the 2−8 month study (six males and six females per group), this difference was not as group specific with differences observed in the dentate gyrus (MC1) within both treatment groups and in the brainstem in the Phos-tau-immunized mice. ⁺p ≤ 0.05, ⁺⁺p ≤ 0.01, and ⁺⁺⁺p ≤ 0.001, respectively, significantly different from males within the same treatment group.