Figure 1.

Characterization of long-term incubation of α-syn oligomers (types A1 and A2). A, FIDA analysis of two oligomeric α-syn forms generated after long-term incubation (6 d) in 50 mm sodium phosphate buffer. The influence of ferrous chloride has been worked out (type A1 without ferrous chloride and type A2 with ferrous chloride). The mean ± SEM of five measurements are shown. B, AFM images (500 × 500 nm) of type A1 and A2 oligomeric α-syn forms generated after long-term incubation (6 d) in 50 mm sodium phosphate buffer. Section analysis revealed globular or protofibrillar oligomers from 2 to 6 nm in height. Also, annular structures (arrows) were found in both oligomer types A1 and A2. AFM images are representative examples of several AFM images of independent oligomer preparations.