Figure 7.

Adaptive shifts in movement endpoint of vertical saccades that are coupled with microstimulation. a, Transfer of the induced adaptive change to saccades to target steps of various vectors when microstimulation followed saccades to 10° upward target steps with a short delay. Shown in the same format as in Figure 2a. Open and filled triangles indicate clusters of endpoints in prestimulation (red) and poststimulation (blue) session for saccades to 10° upward target steps, respectively. b, Results of a similar transfer test when microstimulation followed both saccades to 10° upward and downward target steps with short delays. Two pairs of open and filled triangles indicate endpoint shifts for upward and downward saccades, respectively. c, Similarity in adaptive shifts in endpoint between upward and downward saccades. Summary of five experiments. Filled and open circles indicates experiments in monkey I and monkey M, respectively. Left, Shift direction (degrees) for upward saccades is plotted against that for downward saccades. For both ordinate and abscissa, 0, 90, 180, and 270 indicate right, up, left, and down, respectively. Right, Shift amplitude (degrees) for upward saccades is plotted against that for downward saccades.