Smad1/5/8 signaling persists in the BMPR1a-null cells. Sections of P20 brains were immunostained for cre and pSmad1/5/8. A, B, Virtually all cells expressing cre recombinase (A) show nuclear pSmad1/5/8 (B). Cytoplasmic staining for pSmad1/5/8 was also present in some cells. A, C, Cre staining was cytoplasmic as expected. DAPI, 4′,6′-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride.