The protective effect of sulforaphane requires Nrf2. A, Summary data showing that intracerebroventricular infusion of the ARE decoy, but not the AREmut oligonucleotide, blocked the protective effect of sulforaphane (SUL) given 15 min after injury on occludin and vWF immunoreactivities in injured animals. B, The protective effect of sulforaphane on EB extravasation in injured animals is blocked by intracerebroventricular infusion of ARE but not AREmut oligonucleotides. C, Postinjury administration of sulforaphane significantly reduces cerebral edema measured at 24 h. Intracerebroventricular infusion of ARE, but not AREmut, oligonucleotides blocks the protective effect of sulforaphane administered 15 min after injury. D, The protective effect of sulforaphane on EB extravasation is not present in mice lacking the nrf2 gene. In addition, the nrf2 knock-out mice are more susceptible to injury-induced EB extravasation. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05.