PKCγ−/− mice are impaired in VOR motor learning regardless of the retinal slip velocity. Average percentage change in the VOR gain plotted as a function of the average peak retinal slip velocity for each training condition for 2 Hz (a) and 0.5 Hz (c) training frequencies, respectively, in wt (open symbols) and PKCγ−/− (black symbols) mice. b, d, Percentage change in VOR gain and peak retinal slip speed for individual mice run on the different training conditions (see symbol legend). Each symbol represents data from one mouse. Positive velocity values indicate that the retinal slip velocity is in the same direction as the eye velocity, and negative values indicate that the retinal slip velocity is in the opposite direction. Gray areas indicate peak retinal slip velocities between −3 and +3°/s. Error bars indicate SE. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.0001, one-sample t test.