Complement gene expression in microglia. Fluorescent in situ hybridization for C1q, C4, and C3 in the ipsilateral dorsal horn is shown. Each mRNA signal colocalizes with Iba1, a microglial marker, but not with NeuN (neuronal) or GFAP (astrocyte) markers. Staining of C1q was performed 3 d after injury, and staining of C4 and C3 was performed 7 d after injury. Scale bar, 15 μm.