LFS-induced synaptic plasticity is dependent on the activity state of the animal. A, Stimulation (1 Hz; 900 pulses) of dLGN induced LTD in visual cortex of animals exposed to low luminance. Light exposure for 4 h before commencing the experiment reduces the amplitude of subsequent LFS-induced depression. B, Stimulation of 3 Hz (900 pulses) results in robust LTP when induced in low-luminance conditions but leads to robust LTD in visual cortex of rats already exposed to high-luminance conditions. C, A second application of 3 Hz stimulation leads to transient depression of the FP when applied 4 h after the 3 Hz initial protocol. The previously induced plasticity (LTP, LTD) recovers rapidly. D, Stimulation of 3 Hz (900 pulses) induces an immediate augmentation in gamma power in dark-exposed animals only (***p < 0.001). E, Analogs represent FPs evoked at the points marked in the figures. Calibration: 5 ms, 1 mV.