Table 2.
Biochemical variables in Hq mice.
| Variable | N with data (control/exercise) | Control group | Exercise group | P-value Mann-Whitney's U-test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anabolism protein levels in Biceps femoris homogenates (% of WT) | P70S6K | 10/9 | 168 ± 20 | 292 ± 16 | < 0.001 |
| pP70S6K | 10/9 | 156 ± 30 | 249 ± 30 | 0.028 | |
| pP70S6K/P70S6K | 10/9 | 91 ± 3 | 109 ± 6 | 0.095 | |
| Mt biogenesis protein levels in Biceps femoris homogenates (% of WT) | PGC-1α | 5/4 | 82 ± 7 | 126 ± 19 | 0.032 |
| TFAM | 11/10 | 83 ± 3 | 94 ± 4 | 0.060 | |
| OXPHOS activities in Biceps femoris homogenates (% of WT) | Complex I | 10/9 | 75 ± 4 | 95 ± 6 | 0.019 |
| Complex II | 10/9 | 82 ± 5 | 94 ± 5 | 0.161 | |
| Complex III | 1109 | 79 ± 5 | 97 ± 4 | 0.031 | |
| Complex IV | 10/9 | 88 ± 4 | 102 ± 4 | 0.136 | |
| Complex V | 10/9 | 77 ± 9 | 105 ± 9 | 0.024 | |
| Citrate synthase | 10/8 | 79 ± 3 | 91 ± 4 | 0.059 | |
| OXPHOS protein levels in Biceps femoris homogenates (% of WT) | ATP5a | 11/9 | 86 ± 12 | 98 ± 13 | 0.387 |
| UQCRC2 | 11/9 | 77 ± 9 | 91 ± 21 | 0.705 | |
| MTCO1 | 11/9 | 76 ± 13 | 108 ± 25 | 0.529 | |
| SDHB | 11/9 | 86 ± 5 | 85 ± 4 | 0.468 | |
| NDUFB8 | 11/9 | 77 ± 6 | 81 ± 10 | 0.809 | |
| NDUFS1 | 10/8 | 85 ± 5 | 93 ± 5 | 0.095 | |
| Citrate synthase | 11/9 | 84 ± 4 | 124 ± 14 | 0.132 | |
| OXPHOS activities in Quadriceps mitochondrial fraction (% of WT) | Complex I | 10/5 | 87 ± 12 | 93 ± 19 | 0.953 |
| Complex II | 5/5 | 89 ± 12 | 70 ± 7 | 0.548 | |
| Complex III | 5/5 | 117 ± 16 | 86 ± 14 | 0.310 | |
| Complex IV | 4/5 | 104 ± 7 | 99 ± 8 | 0.811 | |
| Citrate synthase | 5/5 | 118 ± 10 | 117 ± 17 | 0.905 | |
| OXPHOS protein levels in Quadriceps mitochondrial fraction (% of WT) | ATP5a | 4/5 | 108 ± 14 | 125 ± 20 | 0.343 |
| UQCRC2 | 4/5 | 123 ± 12 | 146 ± 14 | 0.486 | |
| MTCO1 | 4/5 | 118 ± 4 | 119 ± 8 | 0.886 | |
| SDHB | 4/5 | 99 ± 2 | 94 ± 10 | 1.00 | |
| NDUFB8 | 4/5 | 79 ± 9 | 74 ± 10 | 0.886 | |
| NDUFS1 | 4/5 | 30 ± 3 | 21 ± 6 | 0.343 | |
| Antioxidant enzymes protein levels in Biceps femoris homogenates (% of WT) | mtSOD | 11/10 | 94 ± 13 | 94 ± 5 | 0.607 |
| cSOD | 11/10 | 120 ± 20 | 97 ± 10 | 0.557 | |
| GR | 11/10 | 99 ± 4 | 109 ± 7 | 0.512 | |
| CAT | 11/10 | 204 ± 22 | 141 ± 23 | 0.036 |
Data (mean ± SEM) are expressed and analyzed as a percentage of mean value of an age- and gender-matched matched non-exercised wild type (WT) group (n = 4–12). Significant p-values are highlighted in bold. ATP5A, ATP synthase alpha subunit; CAT, catalase; cSOD, cytosolic superoxide dismutase; GR, glutathione reductase; Mt, mitochondrial; MTCO1, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I; mtSOD, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase; NDUFB8, ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B8; NDUFS1, ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S1; P70S6K, total ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1; pP70S6K, ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 phosphorylated at threonine 389; PGC-1α, proliferator activated receptor gamma co-activator 1α; SDHB, succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B; TFAM, transcription factor A mitochondrial; UQCRC2, ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase core protein 2.