P4 regulates tau hyperphosphorylation. Representative images of AT8-IR (counterstained with cresyl violet) show neurons with abnormal tau phosphorylation in female 3xTg-AD mice at age 6 months in the OVX (A), OVX+P4 (B), and OVX+E2+P4 (C) conditions. Scale bar, 50 μm. D, Quantification of numbers of intensely AT8-immunoreactive cells in hippocampus CA1 and subiculum show that P4 treatments significantly decreased tau hyperphosphorylation compared with the OVX group (F = 9.71, p = 0.002). *p < 0.05 relative to OVX group.