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. 2007 Dec 26;27(52):14239–14247. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3878-07.2007

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Effects of nasal orexin-A (1.0 μg/kg) on DMS performance of alert and sleep-deprived monkeys. Left, There were no significant effects of nasal orexin-A on mean percentage correct (± SEM) performance over all trials. Low- or high-load trials, in the alert (non-sleep-deprived) condition. Right, Effects of 30–36 h sleep deprivation (SD) on performance of monkeys exposed to nasal saline or vehicle spray mist (Saline) 5–10 min before DMS testing. Application of nasal orexin-A spray (1.0 μg/kg) reversed the detrimental effects of 30–36 h sleep deprivation (SD) by significantly improving overall mean percentage correct (± SEM) performance (SD, Nasal Orexin) as well as performance on low-load and high-load trials. **p < 0.001 compared with nasal saline alert; p < 0.001 compared with nasal saline sleep deprivation (SD).