NGS platform	Input	Readout	Advantages and/or disadvantages
Illumina	• Short fragments of DNA • cDNA	Polymerase with an optical readout	• Low error rate (2%) • Widely used
Ion Torrent	• Short fragments of DNA • cDNA	Ionic disturbance readout	• Fast readout • Low error rate (2%)
PacBio	• Long fragments of DNA • RNA	Polymerase with an optical readout	• Low error rate (<1%) on multiple passes • Real time • Fast
Nanopore	• Long fragments of DNA • RNA	Protein pore with an electrical readout	• Real time • Fast • High error rate (13%)
Chromium 10×: linked reads	• Long fragments of DNA • RNA	Polymerase with an optical readout	• Uses molecular barcodes to tag reads that come from the same long DNA fragments • Uses Illumina-based short fragment sequencing