Table 2.
Diagnosis of autism and comorbidity disease in the included studies.
| Author | Diagnosis of autism | Comorbidity | Assessment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parracho (35) | ASD | GI disorder (91.4%) | Questionnaire |
| Kang (29) | ASD (Autism Diagnostics Interview) | GI problem | Questionnaire |
| Finegold (36) | Severe autism | GI symptoms (primarily constipation) | Pediatrician |
| Inoue (37) | By DSM-5, PARS, and M-CHAT | No GI disorder | NA |
| Strati (30) | By Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition | Constipation (12.5%) | NA |
| Wang (34) | ASD | Functional GI disorder | Questionnaire |
| De Angelis (23) | By DSM-IV-TR criteria | No | NA |
| Adams (32) | By a psychiatrist or a similar professional | Gut symptoms | Questionnaire |
| Gondalia (33) | ASD | NA | NA |
DSM-5, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; GI, gastrointestinal; ASD, autistic spectrum disorder; PARS, the Pervasive Developmental Disorders Autism Society Japan Rating Scale; M-CHAT, Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers; DSM-IV-TR, The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition; NA, not available.