Figure 3.

Antisense, but not mismatch, oligonucleotides to α-syn block VPA-induced protection of CGCs from glutamate excitotoxicity. Cells were exposed to antisense or mismatch oligonucleotides (3 μm) for 24 h before pretreatment with 0.4 mm VPA (DIV 1 to DIV 7) and subsequent treatment with glutamate (Glut; 100 μm) for 24 h. All cultures were stained with MTT (A) or Hoechst dye 33258 (B) and then photographed. Cell viability was quantified by MTT assay and expressed as means ± SEM of vehicle-treated control from four independent cultures (C). ∗∗∗p < 0.001 compared with vehicle-treated control.