Figure 9.

HDAC inhibitors phenylbutyrate and TSA mimic VPA to induce α-syn, increase histone H3 acetylation (Ac-H3), and protect against glutamate excitotoxicity. CGCs were treated with indicated concentrations of sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (PB) for 6 d (A) or TSA for 2 d (B), starting from DIV 1 or DIV 5, respectively. Longer exposure of cells to high concentrations of TSA resulted in cytotoxicity. Cells were then harvested for Western blotting of α-syn and acetylation histone H3 levels. PB- or TSA-treated cells were also exposed to glutamate (100 μm) on DIV 7 for 24 h and then assayed for cell viability by MTT analysis (C, D). Quantified data expressed as percentage of untreated control are means ± SEM from three independent experiments.