Hypercapnia inhibits GABAergic and glycinergic mIPSCs in CVNs. A, Representative traces showing the effect of hypercapnia on inhibitory mIPSCs. Application of TTX (1 μm), NMDA, non-NMDA, and GABAergic or glycinergic receptor antagonists induces TTX-insensitive, glycinergic, or GABAergic mIPSCs, respectively. Both the frequency and amplitude of GABAergic and glycinergic mIPSCs were significantly reduced after exposure to hypercapnia. B, Average data for seven cells. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.