Figure 5.

Effect of small perturbation on reflex modulation. The reflex responses in both muscles when normal PTB (20 N) with TMS (left panels) or small PTB (12.5 or 15 N; right panels) was applied. Each open and filled circle indicates the individual and mean values, respectively. Values are represented as percentages of the response induced by the PTB amplitudes used in the main experiment, in no-TMS conditions. The asterisks express a significant difference between the force fields (*p 0.05; **p < 0.01). Note that there were significant differences in reflex responses between the force fields even for the smaller reflexes after smaller perturbations, in contrast to the reflexes induced after TMS.