Figure 4.

Effects of emotional context on cortical responses to painful stimuli. A, Main effect of the emotional condition on cortical responses to painful stimuli. SEP amplitudes were significantly higher during the unpleasant than during the pleasant condition. B, ANOVA interaction plot shows that cortical SEP were significantly increased when unpleasant-body pictures were displayed relative to either pleasant-body or unpleasant-nonbody. No significant differences were observed when comparing unpleasant and pleasant conditions without human somatic contents (nonbody). Note that this emotional effect is symmetrical to that described on behavioral pain ratings. Values are expressed as mean ± SE (**p < 0.01).