A, B, Discharge pattern of a waking-specific neuron during behavioral state transitions (A) and response to an arousing sound stimulus (B). In A, the transition from SWS to W is shown as t1, that from W to drowsy state is shown as t2, and that from PS to W is shown as t3. Note that the unit fires with a long delay after the onset of EEG desynchronization of W, whereas it stops firing during quiet waking before the onset of the drowsy state, defined by EEG synchronization. Note also that there is no, or a long-delayed, response to a sound stimulus given during sleep.