Table 1.
Effects of the left PMv and PMd inactivation on the grip–lift movement parameters
| Controls | Left PMv | Left PMd | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Temporal parameters | |||
| RT (ms) | 182.3 ± 42.5 | 175.8 ± 37.2 | 172.1 ± 44.1 |
| MT (ms) | 87.4 ± 16.7 | 107.4 ± 20.4* | 85.2 ± 15.3 |
| CT (ms) | 5.2 ± 1.4 | 15.6 ± 11.4* | 5.7 ± 1.5 |
| APB–1DI (ms) | 12.4 ± 4.6 | 29.3 ± 6.7* | 11.3 ± 5.9 |
| BrR (ms) | 221.2 ± 15.7 | 220.3 ± 18.3 | 237.2 ± 17.4* |
| 1DI–BrR (ms) | 28.4 ± 8.2 | 16.3 ± 7.6 | 55.4 ± 10.3* |
| Preloading phase (ms) | 31.3 ± 14.7 | 37.1 ± 15.3 | 63.4 ± 17.3* |
| Loading phase (ms) | 181.2 ± 29.1 | 185.3 ± 30.2 | 177.2 ± 27.4 |
| Dynamic parameters | |||
| GF peak (N) | 8.7 ± 1.6 | 8.3 ± 1.5 | 8.5 ± 2.1 |
| LF peak (N) | 6.1 ± 1.2 | 6.2 ± 1.5 | 6.1 ± 1.3 |
| dGF/dt peak (N/s) | 45.2 ± 6.9 | 47.3 ± 7.1 | 44.8 ± 6.5 |
| dLF/dt peak (N/s) | 42.6 ± 6.1 | 43.4 ± 6.4 | 40.9 ± 5.8 |
| Cross-correlation coefficient | 0.85 ± 0.10 | 0.78 ± 0.12 | 0.82 ± 0.10 |
| Time shift (ms) | 23.8 ± 7.8 | 27.3 ± 8.8 | 45.7 ± 9.3* |
| Finger positioning | |||
| Ind-Th H dist (mm) | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 12.5 ± 2.0* | 6.1 ± 1.4 |
| Ind-Th V dist (mm) | 2.1 ± 1.5 | 3.1 ± 1.8 | 2.7 ± 1.3 |
| Index CP area (mm2) | 32.8 ± 8.4 | 90.3 ± 15.3* | 37.3 ± 9.3 |
| Thumb CP area (mm2) | 28.8 ± 6.3 | 79.5 ± 14.2* | 34.1 ± 9.4 |
Mean ± SD values (n = 10) of movement parameters gathered in the control condition (sham) and after rTMS over PMv and PMd. Ind-Th H dist and Ind-Th V dist, Horizontal and vertical distance between the index and thumb on the manipulandum.
*p < 0.05.