Plasticity underlying SLRs is upstream from the red nucleus. Top, Sample traces from one animal during two separate sessions involving 108 CS-only trials after presession infusions of gabazine into the AIN before (left, T1) and after (right, T2) training with the red nucleus blocked. Bottom, Summary data showing that animals not exhibiting CRs during training (blue) nonetheless acquired SLRs (red bars, T2). The inset shows coronal sections from an individual subject showing the placement of the internal cannulas in the AIN and red nucleus (RN), respectively.