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The natural history of pain (A), ACTH (B), and cortisol (C) in test 1 (black symbols) is compared with the nocebo condition of test 2 (white symbols), in which verbal suggestions of pain worsening were given. Note that, in the nocebo condition, there was a significant increase of both pain perception and ACTH and cortisol plasma concentrations. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
