Separate pathways from mPFC may differentially regulate PVH responses to stress. Schematic drawing of a sagittal section through basal forebrain highlighting possible circuitry by which the mPFC may influence stress-related PVH effector mechanisms. The present results suggest that distinct pathways from the mPFCd and mPFCv may be involved in the differential regulation of neuroendocrine and autonomic outputs by acute emotional stress. The dashed line from ACd/PL to GABAergic cell groups indicates that the projection has not been formally established. ac, Anterior commissure; Ant. Pit., anterior pituitary; BST, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; cc, corpus callosum; ot, optic tract; Pre-Auto, preautonomic subdivisions.