Figure 2.

Increased neural activity associated with passive action observation and the intention to learn. A, Relative to the resting baseline, passive action observation (Perceptual Control condition) is associated with increased activation in inferior frontal cortex (IFc) and inferior parietal cortex (IPL) of the mirror system as well as in areas associated with motor learning, including bilateral PMd, basal ganglia [globus pallidus (GP)], cerebellum (Cr), and pulvinar nucleus (Pul). B, Similar increases relative to baseline are observed when watching actions with the intention to learn (Learn condition). Note that pre-SMA is only detected in the Learn condition. In this and all figures, colors represent Z-statistic values. L, Left hemisphere; R, right hemisphere.