Table 1.

Physicochemical properties of particles used in this study

Properties	SWCNT	MWCNT	UFCB	ASB
BET surface area (m2/g)*	400–1040	26	43	9.8
Dry mean width (nm)	1–4	81 ± 5	37	210
Dry mean length (μm)	1–4	8.19 ± 1.7	n/aπ	10
Dispersed mean width (nm)	270	78	700	210
Dispersed mean length (μm)	1.08	5.1	0.93	10
Aspect ratio	~1,000	−100	~1	47.6
Hydrodynamic mean diameter (nm)	122.5±83.8	163.3± 55.1	126.7±26.7	144.9±59.9
Zeta potential (mV)	−17.1±0.1	−17.6±1	−15.4±1.4	−18.4±1.4
% Carbon (w/w)	99	99	>99	<1
% Metal impurities (w/w)	<1	0.78	<1	50.9 for SiO2, 38 for other metals
Major metal impurities	0.23% Fe	0.41% Na, 0.32% Fe	0.0011% Fe	31.8% Fe, 5.3% Na, 0.8% Mg

^*Brunauer-Emmett-Teller nitrogen absorption method.

^πSpherical shaped