Table 2. Main determinants of shingles vaccination.
| Bivariate Analysis (N = 501) |
Multivariable Model (N = 348) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vaccinated (N = 344) | Unvaccinated (N = 147) | p-value | OR | 95% CI | |||
| n (%) | Mean (SD) | n (%) | Mean (SD) | ||||
| History of shingles | 344 | 145 | |||||
| No1 | 239 (69.5) | - | 81 (55.9) | - | <0.001 | 1.01 | |
| I don't know/remember1 | 17 (4.9) | - | 3 (2.1) | - | |||
| Yes | 88 (25.6) | - | 61 (42.1) | - | 0.4*γ | 0.2–0.7 | |
| Perceived susceptibility | 332 | 3.6 (1.27) | 142 | 3.8 (1.24) | 0.036 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.3 |
| Perceived benefits | 327 | 5.6 (1.11) | 136 | 5.3 (1.03) | 0.002 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.4 |
| Perceived barriers | 332 | 2.9 (1.08) | 138 | 3.6 (0.99) | <0.001 | 0.7 | 0.5–1.0 |
| Practical barriers and Facilitators | 329 | 6.2 (1.40) | 129 | 5.8 (1.62) | 0.008 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.3 |
| Self-efficacy | 316 | 5.9 (1.80) | 127 | 5.2 (2.16) | <0.001 | 1.2*γ | 1.0–1.4 |
| Perceived control of disease | 323 | 2.7 (1.56) | 130 | 3.5 (1.54) | <0.001 | 0.7*γ | 0.6–0.9 |
| Did your GP or nurse offer you the shingles vaccination (through a letter, phone call, text message or during a visit)? | 321 | 139 | |||||
| I don't know/remember1 | 35 (10.9%) | - | 16 (11.5%) | - |
<0.001 |
1.01 | |
| No1 | 66 (20.6%) | - | 56 (40.3%) | - | |||
| Yes | 220 (68.5%) | - | 67 (48.2%) | - | 2.3*γ | 1.1–4.7 | |
| Did your GP or nurse tell you about shingles? | 315 | 131 | |||||
| I don't know/remember1 | 47 (14.9%) | - | 13 (9.9%) | - |
<0.001 |
1.01 | |
| No1 | 126 (40.0%) | - | 79 (60.3%) | - | |||
| Yes | 142 (45.1%) | - | 39 (29.8%) | - | 0.7 | 0.3–1.4 | |
| Do you know anyone who has had the shingles vaccination? | 325 | 137 | |||||
| I don't know/remember1 | 19 (5.8%) | - | 5 (3.6%) | - | <0.001 | 1.01 | |
| No1 | 151 (46.5%) | - | 92 (67.2%) | - | |||
| Yes | 155 (47.7%) | - | 40 (29.2%) | - | 1.6 | 0.8–3.2 | |
| Did anyone, among your vaccinated relatives or friends, advise you to have the shingles vaccination? | 325 | 135 | |||||
| I don't know/remember1 | 29 (8.9%) | - | 6 (4.4%) | - | 0.016 | 1.01 | |
| No1 | 242 (74.5%) | - | 117 (86.7%) | - | |||
| Yes | 54 (16.6%) | - | 12 (8.9%) | - | 1.6 | 0.6–4.4 | |
| Max-rescaled R-Square (pseudo-R2) | 0.3220 | ||||||
CI = Confidence Interval; OR = Odds ratio;
*p ≤ 0.05;
γ direction and significance of effect corroborated in sensitivity analysis.
1 Multivariable model reference category is “Other than yes”. It includes “No”, “I don’t know/remember” and missing.
Note: the complete list of studied determinants is displayed in S1 Table.