| • History of or planning (within 6 months) invasive spinal surgery |
| • Had a previous traumatic spinal injury |
| • Currently experiencing symptoms of cauda equine syndrome or nerve root compression |
| • Diagnosed with structural scoliosis |
| • Currently receiving treatment for back pain |
| • Undertaking more than one day per week of gym-based exercise or organised sport |
| • Currently meeting the physical activity guidelines of 150 minutes per week of moderate-vigorous physical activity |
| • Unable to communicate in English |
| • Has a compensable claim for their back pain |
| • Currently or possibly pregnant or planning a pregnancy within 6 months |
| • Less than 9 months postpartum or currently breastfeeding |
| • Currently smoke |
| • Has known anaemia |
| • Weigh more than 120kg |
| • History of seizures or epilepsy, stroke, head injury or brain-related disorders |
| • Currently taking medication for any mental illness |
| • Unable to commit to the full program and assessment days (including those who were unsuitable for an MRI such as having metal or electronic implants or had nuclear medicine in the previous 3 months) |
