Table 1. Socio-demographic and baseline pre- and perioperative characteristics of the participants.

	Women With HGS < 16 kg Men With HGS < 27 kg N = 66 (34.6%)	Women With HGS ≥ 16 kg Men With HGS ≥ 27kg N = 125 (65.4%)	p
Age (year)*	83.53 ± 6.16	78.52 ± 6.50	<0.001
Gender**
Male	21 (31.8%)	23 (18.4%)	0.036
Female	45 (68.2%)	102 (81.6%)
Marital status**
Other	40 (61.5%)	76 (61.8%)	0.973
Married	25 (38.5%)	47 (38.2%)
Pre-injury residence**
Home (live alone)	14 (21.2%)	31 (24.8%)	0.710
Home (live with family)	50 (75.8%)	92 (73.6%)
Institution	2 (3.0%)	2 (1.6%)
BMI*	23.82 ± 4.77	25.60 ± 3.91	0.008
CCI groups**
No comorbidity/mild	21 (31.8%)	68 (54.4%)	0.009
Moderate	36 (54.6%)	42 (33.6%)
Severe	9 (13.6%)	15 (12.0%)
SPMSQ*	6.79 ± 1.67	7.83 ± 1.63	<0.001
EQ5D before fracture*	0.73 ± 0.17	0.83 ± 0.14	<0.001
Barthel index before fracture*	92.95 ± 7.70	96.16 ± 5.54	0.003
Type of fracture**
Femoral neck	25 (37.9%)	59 (47.2%)	0.462
Intertrochanteric	35 (53.0%)	57 (45.6%)
Subtrochanteric	6 (9.1%)	9 (7.2%)
Time from admission to operation*	6.26 ± 3.17	5.75 ± 2.98	0.277
Lenght of hospital stay*	15.91 ± 5.20	16.03 ± 4.42	0.864
Surgical procedure**
Arthroplasty	27 (36.4%)	57 (45.6%)	0.219
ORIF	39 (63.6%)	68 (54.4%)
Type of anesthesia**
General	51 (79.7%)	78 (64.5%)	0.032
Regional	13 (20.3%)	43 (35.5%)
Duration of anesthesia*	118.47 ± 39.54	114.70 ± 27.18	0.504
Complications**
Yes	18 (27.3%)	30 (24.0%)	0.620
No	48 (72.7%)	95 (76.0%)

*Values are given as the mean with the standard deviation in parentheses

** Values are given as the number of patients with the percentage in parentheses

RR—relative risk; BMI—body mass index; CCI—Charlson Comorbidity Index; SPMSQ—Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire; HGS—handgrip strength