Figure 2.

Recombinant human calcineurin B subunit (rhCNB) induces production of cytokines by mouse peritoneal macrophages in a Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)‐dependent manner and enhances the expression of co‐stimulatory molecules. A, rhCNB induces cytokine secretion via TLR4 in peritoneal macrophages. B, rhCNB upregulates expression of the costimulatory molecule CD40 in peritoneal macrophages from wild‐type (WT) mice but not from TLR4^−/−mice. C, rhCNB upregulates expression of the costimulatory molecule CD80 from peritoneal macrophages from WT mice but not from TLR4^−/− mice. D, The same result for CD86 expression. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from WT and TLR4^−/− mice. 1 × 10⁶ cells were plated in 12‐well dishes and co‐incubated with different doses of rhCNB for 48 hours. Supernatants were collected for measuring cytokines, and cells were collected for FACs analysis. (Data are means ± SE of 3 independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001)