Table 1.
Demographic and familial characteristics of participants at baseline (2012) and children’s behavioral and maternal mental health problems at both baseline and follow-up (2014).
| Total (N = 169) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Mean or N | SD or (%) | |
| Children | |||
| Age in 2012 (years) | 6.7 | 1.4 | |
| Sex | |||
| Boy | 88 | (52.1) | |
| Girl | 81 | (47.9) | |
| CBCL behavior problems (2012, n = 149) | |||
| Total (T score) | 56.1 | 10.6 | |
| Internalizing (T score) | 55.9 | 9.1 | |
| Externalizing (T score) | 55.7 | 10.0 | |
| CBCL behavior problems (2014, n = 169) | |||
| Total (T score) | 53.1 | 11.0 | |
| Internalizing (T score) | 53.9 | 9.3 | |
| Externalizing (T score) | 52.8 | 9.9 | |
| Number of traumatic experiences (2012) | |||
| 0 | 33 | (19.5) | |
| 1-2 | 49 | (29.0) | |
| 3-4 | 54 | (32.0) | |
| 5+ | 33 | (19.5) | |
| Parents | |||
| Responder (2012) | |||
| Mother | 135 | (93.1) | |
| Father | 6 | (4.1) | |
| Grand father | 1 | (0.7) | |
| Missing | 3 | (2.1) | |
| Age in 2012 (years) | 36.8 | 6.0 | |
| Education (2012) | |||
| High school or less | 71 | (49.0) | |
| Some college+ | 68 | (46.9) | |
| Missing | 6 | (4.1) | |
| PTSD symptoms (2012, n = 145) | |||
| IES-R total score | 16.4 | 14.8 | |
| IES-R total score >24 | 35 | (24.1) | |
| PTSD symptoms (2014, n = 145) | |||
| IES-R total score | 14.0 | 13.6 | |
| IES-R total score >24 | 28 | (19.3) | |
| Familial | |||
| Number of siblings (2012) | |||
| 0 | 38 | (22.5) | |
| 1 | 77 | (45.6) | |
| 2+ | 50 | (29.6) | |
| Missing | 4 | (2.4) | |
| Annual household income (2014) | |||
| (Unit: JPY10,000) | <300 | 37 | (21.9) |
| 300-599 | 67 | (39.6) | |
| 600+ | 43 | (25.4) | |
| Missing | 22 | (13.0) | |
CBCL, The child behavior checklist; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; IES-R, the impact of event scale-revised; SD, standard deviation.