Table 1.
Characteristics of the data sets selected.
| Data set | Full name | Description | Categories | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Training set | ADNI-1 | Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative - 1 | The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (Aisen et al., 2010) is a longitudinal multicentre study designed to develop clinical, imaging, genetic, and biochemical biomarkers for the early detection and tracking of Alzheimer's disease (AD). ADNI was originally launched in 2003 as a public-private partnership; its primary goal has been to test whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), biological markers, clinical and neuropsychological assessments can be combined to measure the progression of MCI and Alzheimer's disease. The initial five-year study (ADNI-1) was extended by two years in 2009 by a Grand Opportunities grant (ADNI-GO), and in 2011 by further competitive renewal of the ADNI-1 grant (ADNI-2). Through its 3 phases, it has targeted participants with AD, different stages of MCI, and CN. | CN MCI AD SMC |
| ADNI-GO | Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative – grand opportunities | MCI SMC | ||
| ADNI-2 | Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative - 2 | CN MCI AD SMC | ||
| Test set | ADC | Amsterdam dementia cohort | The ADC includes all patients who come to the Alzheimer Center in Amsterdam (since 2004) for diagnostic work-up and consent to give all their data collected for research (van der Flier et al., 2014). The aim is to facilitate research into new and existing biomarkers in the broadest sense, to establish diagnostic, prognostic values and further insight into the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative dementias. The data consist of baseline and annual follow-up assessments. Clinical, neuropsychological, imaging, and biological markers are collected. Since it is conception it has grown into one of the largest clinical data sets in the dementia field. | SMC MCI AD |
| ARWiBo | Alzheimer's disease repository without borders | ARWiBo is a cross-sectional data set including data from >2500 patients enrolled in Brescia (Italy) and nearby areas. The data set contains socio-demographic, clinical, genotype, bio-specimen information, MRI T1-weighted images (Frisoni et al., 2009). | CN MCI AD | |
| EDSD | European DTI study on dementia | EDSD (Brueggen K Grothe et al., 2017) is a framework of nine European centres: Amsterdam (Netherlands), Brescia (Italy), Dublin (Ireland), Frankfurt (Germany), Freiburg (Germany), Milano (Italy), Mainz (Germany), Munich (Germany), and Rostock (Germany). It is a cross-sectional multi-centre study characterized by 474 volumetric MRI T1-weighted scans with socio-demographic, clinical, genetic, and biological variables. | CN MCI AD | |
| OASIS | Open access series of imaging studies | OASIS (Marcus et al., 2007) consists of (I) a cross-sectional collection of 416 subjects. 100 of the included subjects, over the age of 60, have been clinically diagnosed with very mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). (II) A longitudinal collection of 150 subjects aged from 60 to 96 years. Each subject was scanned on two or more visits, separated by at least one year for a total of 373 imaging sessions. In addition, the data set contains socio-demographic, clinical, genotype information. | CN MCI AD | |
| PharmaCog (E-ADNI) | Prediction of cognitive properties of new drug candidates for neurodegenerative diseases in early clinical development | PharmaCog is an industry-academic European project (IMI) aimed at identifying biomarkers sensitive to symptomatic and disease modifying effects of drugs for Alzheimer's disease (Galluzzi et al., 2016). Several clinical sites participated in this study across Italy (Brescia, Verona, Milan, Perugia, and Genoa), Spain (Barcelona), France (Marseille, Lille, and Toulouse), Germany (Leipzig and Essen), Greece (Thessaloniki) and Netherland (Amsterdam). 151 MCI patients have been studied longitudinally collecting multimodal image scans, clinical variables, and bio-specimens. | MCI | |
| ViTA | Vienna transdanube aging | ViTA is a population-based cohort-study of all 75-years old inhabitants of a geographically defined area of Vienna (Fischer et al., 2002). VITA is composed of 606 subjects followed longitudinally for 4 years. Recruitment took place between May 2000 and October 2002. The primary focus of the VITA work-group was to establish a prospective age cohort for evaluation of prognostic criteria for the development of AD. | CN MCI AD |
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; CN, cognitively normal; SMC: subjective memory complaints.