Table 1. Baseline characteristics and impedance values.
| Characteristics | Men (n = 137) | Women (n = 105) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 37.3 ± 11.5 | 37.9 ± 14.9 | 0.720 |
| Height, cm | 174.0 ± 6.5 | 160.0 ± 5.5 | < 0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 76.2 ± 12.0 | 56.3 ± 8.4 | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.1 ± 3.5 | 22.0 ± 3.2 | < 0.001 |
| Upper arm circumference, cm | 28.8 ± 2.6 | 24.1 ± 2.3 | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 123.9 ± 27.2 | 120.5 ± 12.9 | 0.199 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 79.1 ± 10.6 | 75.1 ± 9.7 | 0.003 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 72.9 ± 9.8 | 75.9 ± 12.3 | 0.043 |
| Hypertension, No. (%) | 13 (9.5) | 5 (4.8) | 0.218 |
| Z, Ω | 535.7 ± 57.9 | 683.7 ± 76.3 | < 0.001 |
| R, Ω | 532.3 ± 57.7 | 680.7 ± 76.1 | < 0.001 |
| Xc, Ω | 60.7 ± 7.0 | 63.4 ± 7.6 | 0.003 |
| R/H, Ω/m | 306.3 ± 34.6 | 425.6 ± 46.1 | < 0.001 |
| Xc/H, Ω/m | 34.9 ± 4.3 | 39.7 ± 4.8 | < 0.001 |
| Correlation between R/H and Xc/H | 0.746 | 0.720 | 0.669 |
| PhA, degree | 6.5 ± 0.5 | 5.3 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 |
Results are expressed as the means ± standard deviations or frequencies (percentages).
BMI = body mass index, Z = impedance, R = resistance, Xc = reactance, R/H = resistance normalized by height, Xc/H = reactance normalized by height, PhA = phase angle.