Table 1.
Patient characteristics and co-morbidities as risk factors for death at 90 days
| All patients (n=1375) | Survivors (n=1334) | Non-survivors (n=41) | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (median, IQR) | 72 (65–79) | 72 (65–78) | 76 (70–83) | 0.004 | ||
| Anaerobic threshold (median, IQR) | 11.2 (9.6–13.0) | 11.2 (9.6–13.0) | 10.9 (9.1–12.1) | 0.27 | ||
| VE/VCO2 (median, IQR) | 33 (30–38) | 33 (30–37) | 39 (32–43) | <0.001 | ||
| Potential demographic risk factors | ||||||
| All patients (risk factor present/absent), n/N (%) | 90-day mortality (%) | Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | |||
| Risk factor | No risk factor | |||||
| Male sex | 813/562 (59.1) | 3.8 | 1.8 | 2.19 (1.06–4.50) | 2.44 (1.17–5.09) | |
| Cancer spread | 519/856 (37.7) | 3.1 | 2.9 | 1.06 (0.56–2.00) | N/A | |
| Open surgery | 1083/292 (78.8) | 3.1 | 2.4 | 1.32 (0.55–3.30) | N/A | |
| Age 80 yr or older (Y/N) | 243/1131 (17.7) | 6.6 | 2.2 | 3.12 (1.64–5.93) | 2.18 (1.10–4.32) | |
| VE/VCO2 >39 | 245/1130 (17.8) | 8.2 | 1.9 | 4.69 (2.50–8.80) | 4.04 (2.09–7.84) | |
| Potential clinical co-morbidity risk factors | ||||||
| All patients (risk factor present/absent), n/N (%) | 90-day mortality (%) | Unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | |||
| Risk factor | No risk factor | |||||
| Ischaemic heart disease | 189/1186 (13.7) | 5.3 | 2.6 | 2.08 (1.00–4.31) | 1.61 (0.76–3.41) | |
| Heart failure | 24/1351 (1.7) | 4.2 | 3.0 | 1.42 (0.19–10.8) | N/A | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 78/1297 (5.7) | 2.6 | 3.0 | 0.85 (0.20–3.58) | N/A | |
| Diabetes mellitus (any) | 164/1211 (11.9) | 3.7 | 2.9 | 1.28 (0.52–3.08) | N/A | |
| Renal insufficiency | 50/1325 (3.6) | 12.0 | 2.6 | 5.03 (2.01–12.6) | N/A∗ | |
| COPD | 86/1289 (6.3) | 8.1 | 2.6 | 3.27 (1.40–7.61) | N/A∗ | |
| Asthma | 82/1293 (6.0) | 0.0 | 3.2 | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | N/A | |
| Other lung disease | 53/1322 (3.9) | 5.7 | 2.9 | 2.03 (0.60–0.96) | N/A | |
∗
Excluded from binary logistic regression as less than 10 events in some cells. CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IQR, inter-quartile range; N/A, not available; VE/VCO2, ratio of minute ventilation (L min–1) to carbon dioxide excretion (mL kg–1 min–1)