Table 1.
Subject characteristics, primary outcome, and secondary outcomes. NRS, numeric rating pain scores; ns, not significant
| Intervention (n=25) | Control (n=26) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | |||
| Sex (female/male) | 12/13 | 14/12 | |
| Age (yr), mean (range) | 58.5 (29–82) | 61.7 (34–83) | |
| BMI (kg m−2) | 26.4 (4.2) | 26.6 (5.9) | |
| Weight (kg) | 78.4 | 81.2 | |
| ASA score physical status 1/2/3 | 5/15/5 | 5/17/4 | |
| Surgery time (min) | 97.6 (25.0) | 101.1 (34.3) | |
| Nephrostomy (n) | 18 | 20 | |
| Time to removal of nephrostomy (days) | 1.2 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.7) | |
| Primary outcome | |||
| Oral morphine equivalents 0–6 h (mg) | 7.2 (8.7) | 90.6 (69.9) | <0.001 |
| Secondary outcomes | |||
| Oral morphine equivalents 6–12 h (mg) | 5.4 (9.6) | 14.42 (13.74) | <0.009* |
| Oral morphine equivalents 12–18 h (mg) | 16.8 (11.72) | 10.38 (10.19) | 0.04* |
| Oral morphine equivalents 18–24 h (mg) | 24.6 (20.71) | 10.38 (9.27) | <0.004* |
| Total oral morphine equivalents 0–24 h (mg) | 54.0 (36.74) | 126.15 (85.53) | <0.0011* |
| Time to removal of nephrostomy (days) | 1.2 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.7) | ns |
| Length of stay (days) | 2.0 (0.78) | 3.03 (1.25) | <0.001 |
| Time to first opioid (min) | 678.0 (285.0–1025.0) | 36 (19.0–55) | <0.0001 |
| Nausea/vomiting (n) | 4/0 | 7/0 | ns |
| NRS score (0–10/10), block procedural pain (0–10/10) | 1.36 (1.2) | 1.85 (1.35) | <0.2 |
∗ When adjusting the P-value with a factor 4 because of repeated measures (Bonferroni correction) in the 6 h intervals, differences between the groups remained statistically significant.