Table 1.
Patient and treatment characteristics for overall group and matched group after propensity scoring. Data shown as mean (standard deviation, sd) or n (%). Grade of surgical complications: Clavien–Dindo classification. AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; BCLC, Barcelona clinic liver cancer; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; MET, metabolic equivalents; N/A not applicable; SMD,; TAE, transarterial embolisation; TNM, tumor–node–metastasis
| Variables | Overall patients |
Matched patients |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Propofol (n=452) | Desflurane (n=492) | P-value | Propofol (n=335) | Desflurane (n=335) | P-value | SMD | |
| Time since the earliest included patient (yr), mean (sd) | 6.3 (2.4) | 6.1 (2.4) | 0.206 | 6.4 (2.4) | 6.2 (2.4) | 0.368 | 0.070 |
| Calendar period, n (%) | 0.570 | 0.828 | |||||
| 2005–08 | 93 (21) | 111 (23) | 63 (19) | 67 (20) | |||
| 2009–12 | 204 (45) | 227 (46) | 160 (48) | 163 (49) | |||
| 2013–5 | 155 (34) | 154 (31) | 112 (33) | 105 (31) | |||
| Male sex, n (%) | 330 (73) | 362 (74) | 0.902 | 245 (73) | 242 (72) | 0.862 | 0.020 |
| Age (yr), mean (sd) | 61 (13) | 62 (13) | 0.348 | 61 (13) | 62 (13) | 0.553 | 0.046 |
| HBsAg, n (%) | 268 (59) | 272 (55) | 0.239 | 195 (58) | 191 (57) | 0.815 | 0.020 |
| HCV, n (%) | 122 (27) | 138 (28) | 0.771 | 88 (26) | 89 (27) | 1.000 | 0.007 |
| Alcoholism, n (%) | 62 (14) | 82 (17) | 0.152 | 52 (16) | 55 (16) | 0.833 | 0.024 |
| AFP, n (%) | <0.001 | 1.000 | 0 | ||||
| ≤20 | 286 (63) | 184 (37) | 169 (50) | 169 (50) | |||
| >20 | 166 (37) | 308 (63) | 166 (50) | 166 (50) | |||
| Child–Pugh score, n (%) | <0.001 | 1.000 | 0 | ||||
| A (mild) | 395 (87) | 357 (73) | 278 (83) | 278 (83) | |||
| B (moderate) | 57 (13) | 135 (27) | 57 (17) | 57 (17) | |||
| MELD score, mean (sd) | 8.3 (3.5) | 9.7 (4.1) | <0.001 | 8.7 (3.9) | 8.7 (3.3) | 0.915 | 0.008 |
| Charlson comorbidityindex, mean (sd) | 5.8 (2.0) | 6.7 (2.4) | <0.001 | 6.0 (2.1) | 6.2 (2.3) | 0.148 | 0.089 |
| Functional status, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||||
| <4 MET | 152 (34) | 225 (46) | N/A | N/A | |||
| ≥4 MET | 300 (66) | 267 (54) | N/A | N/A | |||
| ASA physical status, n (%) | <0.001 | 0.337 | 0.080 | ||||
| 2 | 300 (66) | 267 (54) | 217 (65) | 204 (61) | |||
| 3 | 152 (34) | 225 (46) | 118 (35) | 131 (39) | |||
| TNM stage of primary tumor, n (%) | <0.001 | 1.000 | 0 | ||||
| I | 226 (50) | 162 (33) | 151 (45) | 151 (45) | |||
| II | 96 (21) | 112 (23) | 70 (21) | 70 (21) | |||
| III | 108 (24) | 184 (37) | 92 (28) | 92 (28) | |||
| IV | 22 (5) | 34 (7) | 22 (7) | 22 (7) | |||
| BCLC stage, n (%) | <0.001 | 0.899 | 0.046 | ||||
| 0 | 49 (11) | 27 (6) | 29 (9) | 24 (7) | |||
| A | 270 (60) | 245 (50) | 194 (58) | 195 (58) | |||
| B | 112 (25) | 185 (38) | 91 (27) | 93 (28) | |||
| C | 21 (5) | 35 (7) | 21 (6) | 23 (7) | |||
| Preoperative radiation therapy, n (%) | 5 (1) | 15 (3) | 0.065 | 5 (2) | 5 (2) | 1.000 | 0 |
| Preoperative TAE, n (%) | 63 (14) | 87 (18) | 0.138 | 47 (14) | 56 (17) | 0.392 | 0.075 |
| Tumor size (cm), mean (sd) | 4.6 (3.5) | 5.3 (3.6) | 0.005 | 4.9 (3.7) | 4.8 (3.5) | 0.704 | 0.029 |
| Tumor number, n (%) | 0.579 | 0.527 | 0.057 | ||||
| 1 | 379 (84) | 420 (85) | 278 (83) | 285 (85) | |||
| >1 | 73 (16) | 72 (15) | 57 (17) | 50 (15) | |||
| Intraoperative blood transfusion, n (%) | 162 (36) | 297 (60) | <0.001 | 138 (41) | 172 (51) | 0.011 | N/A |
| Grade of surgical complications, n (%) | <0.001 | 0.611 | N/A | ||||
| 0 | 375 (83) | 312 (63) | 261 (78) | 247 (74) | |||
| I | 56 (12) | 114 (23) | 53 (16) | 60 (18) | |||
| II | 18 (4) | 56 (11) | 18 (5) | 24 (7) | |||
| III | 3 (1) | 10 (2) | 3 (1) | 4 (1) | |||
| Pathologic TNM stage, n (%) | <0.001 | 0.937 | N/A | ||||
| I | 217 (48) | 154 (31) | 151 (45) | 143 (43) | |||
| II | 108 (24) | 118 (24) | 73 (22) | 76 (23) | |||
| III | 105 (23) | 186 (38) | 89 (27) | 94 (28) | |||
| IV | 22 (5) | 34 (7) | 22 (7) | 22 (7) | |||
| Postoperative chemoembolisation, n (%) | 20 (5) | 39 (8) | 0.032 | 18 (5) | 25 (8) | 0.344 | N/A |
| Postoperative retrovival therapy, n (%) | 63 (14) | 122 (26) | <0.001 | 49 (15) | 72 (22) | 0.027 | N/A |
| Local recurrence, n (%) | 171 (38) | 345 (70) | <0.001 | 137 (41) | 236 (70) | <0.001 | N/A |
| Distant metastasis, n (%) | 25 (6) | 78 (16) | <0.001 | 25 (8) | 43 (13) | 0.03 | N/A |
| All-cause mortality, n (%) | 139 (31) | 369 (75) | <0.001 | 129 (30) | 343 (73) | <0.001 | N/A |
| Cancer specific mortality, n (%) | 129 (30) | 343 (73) | <0.001 | 115 (35) | 204 (63) | <0.001 | N/A |