Table 2.
Cox proportional hazards regression for mortality: univariable and multivariable models for overall patients. Adjusted HRs were adjusted by those variables were significant in the univariable analyses and surgeons (n=12). Three variables were excluded from the multivariable because they were highly correlated with other variables (functional status with ASA and BCLC stage and pathologic TNM stage with TNM stage). AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; BCLC, Barcelona clinic liver cancer; CI, confidence interval; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HR, hazard ratio; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; MET, metabolic equivalents; TAE, transarterial embolisation; TNM, tumour–node–metastasis
| Variables | Univariable |
Multivariable |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Anaesthesia, propofol (ref: desflurane) | 0.28 (0.23–0.34) | <0.001 | 0.32 (0.26–0.39) | <0.001 |
| Time since the earliest included patient (yr) | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) | 0.010 | 1.10 (1.06–1.15) | <0.001 |
| Female (ref: male) | 0.92 (0.75–1.12) | 0.392 | ||
| Age (yr) | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) | 0.501 | ||
| HBsAg (ref: no) | 0.81 (0.68–0.97) | 0.018 | 0.80 (0.62–1.02) | 0.075 |
| HCV (ref: no) | 1.03 (0.85–1. 25) | 0.768 | ||
| Alcoholism (ref: no) | 1.44 (1.15–1. 81) | 0.002 | 1.09 (0.82–1.43) | 0.558 |
| AFP > 20 (ref: ≤20) | 4.90 (4.01–6.00) | <0.001 | 3.21 (2.57–4.01) | <0.001 |
| Child–Pugh score, B (ref: A) | 2.21 (1.82–2.69) | <0.001 | 0.74 (0.46–1.17) | 0.193 |
| MELD score | 1.09 (1.07–1. 12) | <0.001 | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) | 0.002 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 1.27 (1.23–1.32) | <0.001 | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 0.554 |
| Functional status, ≥4 METs (ref: <4 METs) | 0.57 (0.48–0.68) | <0.001 | ||
| ASA physical status 3, (ref: 2) | 1.77 (1.49–2.11) | <0.001 | 1.18 (0.95–1.47) | 0.146 |
| TNM stage of primary tumour (ref: I) | ||||
| II | 2.34 (1.81–3.04) | <0.001 | 2.13 (1.63–2.78) | <0.001 |
| III | 4.32 (3.44–5.41) | <0.001 | 2.72 (2.05–3.61) | <0.001 |
| IV | 16.9 (12.1–23.6) | <0.001 | 12.2 (7.66–19.5) | <0.001 |
| BCLC stage (ref: 0) | ||||
| A | 1.94 (1.21–3.10) | 0.006 | ||
| B | 5.76 (3.60–9.21) | <0.001 | ||
| C | 19.6 (11.5–33.2) | <0.001 | ||
| Preoperative radiation therapy (ref: no) | 3.25 (2.02–5.21) | <0.001 | 2.26 (1.36–3.76) | 0.002 |
| Preoperative TAE (ref: no) | 1.07 (0.85–1. 36) | 0.566 | ||
| Pathologic TNM stage (ref: I) | ||||
| II | 2.16 (1.66–2.82) | <0.001 | ||
| III | 4.84 (3.84–6.10) | <0.001 | ||
| IV | 17.7 (12.6–24.8) | <0.001 | ||
| Tumour size | 1.12 (1.10–1.14) | <0.001 | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 0.553 |
| Tumour number >1 (ref: 1) | 1.17 (0.92–1.46) | 0.204 | ||
| Intraoperative blood transfusion (ref: no) | 3.28 (2.72–3.95) | <0.001 | 1.21 (0.93–1.57) | 0.166 |
| Grade of surgical complications (ref: 0) | ||||
| I | 2.33 (1.88–2.87) | <0.001 | 1.43 (1.03–1.99) | 0.031 |
| II | 3.94 (3.02–5.15) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.58–1.60) | 0.879 |
| III | 4.77 (2.67–8.53) | <0.001 | 1.57 (0.73–3.37) | 0.252 |
| Postoperative chemoembolisation (ref: no) | 1.73 (1.28–2.33) | <0.001 | 1.23 (0.89–1.70) | 0.214 |
| Postoperative retroviral therapy (ref: no) | 2.21 (1.82–2.68) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.04–1.77) | 0.025 |
| Postoperative recurrence (ref: no) | 2.78 (2.28–3.39) | <0.001 | ||
| Postoperative metastasis (ref: no) | 5.68 (4.53–7.12) | <0.001 | ||