Table II.
Effects of anti-diabetic drugs on the gut microbiota in NAFLD-associated diseases.
| Patient type/first author (year) | Model | Drug | Sample used for analysis | Bacterial changes | (Refs.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NAFLD/NASH | |||||
| Shin (2017) | NAFLD | Metformin | Feces | ↓ Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria | (101) |
| rats | ↑ Firmicutes | ||||
| Kishida (2017) | NASH | Miglitol | Feces | ↓ Bacteroidetes | (102) |
| mice | ↑ Actinobacteria | ||||
| Obesity | |||||
| Zhang (2015) | Mice | Metformin | Feces | ↓ - | (103) |
| ↑ Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, | |||||
| Bacteroidetes | |||||
| Shin (2014) | Mice | Metformin | Feces | ↓ Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria | (98) |
| ↑ Verrucomicrobia | |||||
| Lee (2014) | Mice | Metformin | Feces | ↓ - | (99) |
| ↑ Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia | |||||
| Bai (2016) | Mice | Pioglitazone | Feces | ↓ Proteobacteria | (104) |
| ↑ - | |||||
| Wang (2016) | Mice | Saxagliptin | Feces | ↓ Bacteroidetes, | (105) |
| ↑ Firmicutes | |||||
| Wang (2016) | Mice | Liraglutide | Feces | ↓↑ Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria | (105) |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | ↓ Actinobacteria | ||||
| Yan (2016) | Mice | Sitagliptin | Feces | ↓↑ Firmicutes | (106) |
| ↑ Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria | |||||
| Wu (2017) | Human | Metformin | Stool | ↓ Firmicutes | (107) |
| ↑ Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria | |||||
| de la Cuesta- | Human | Metformin | Stool | ↓ - | (108) |
| Zuluaga (2017) | ↑ Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, | ||||
| Actinobacteria | |||||
| Forslund (2015) | Human | Metformin | Stool | ↓↑ Firmicutes | (109) |
| ↑ Proteobacteria | |||||
| Zhang (2017) | Human | Acarbose | Stool | ↓↑ Firmicutes | (110) |
| ↑ Bacteroidetes |
NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; -, no related change was observed.