Table 4.

The association between urobilin, sphingomyelin (30:1), and systolic and diastolic function, as evaluated by left ventricular ejection fraction and isovolumic relaxation time, respectively

Metabolite	Systolic function (left ventricular ejection fraction, n = 755)		Diastolic function (isovolumic relaxation time, n = 824)
	β valuesa, 95% CI	P‐value	β valuesb, 95% CI	P‐value
Urobilin	−0.70 (−1.03 to −0.38)	3 × 10−5	47 (−46 to 141)	0.32
Sphingomyelin (30:1)	0.41 (−0.48 to 1.31)	0.37	6 (−255 to 268)	0.96

^a β values can be interpreted as the change in ejection fraction (%) for each standard deviation unit increase in the metabolite measurement. Lower ejection fraction implies worsened systolic function.

^b β values can be interpreted as the change in isovolumic relaxation time (milliseconds) per standard deviation unit increase in the metabolite measurement. Higher isovolumic relaxation time implies worsened diastolic function.