Table 2.
Cox regression analyses for the individual Framingham criteria of heart failure and the composite endpoint of heart failure hospitalization and death of any cause
| Framingham criteria | HR unadj. | 95% CI | P‐value | HR adj.a | 95% CI | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major | ||||||
| Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea | 1.65 | 1.16–2.35 | 0.005 | 0.87 | 0.55–1.38 | 0.556 |
| Orthopnea | 0.96 | 0.64–1.43 | 0.843 | 0.48 | 0.28–0.80 | 0.005 |
| Jugular venous distension | 1.54 | 0.97–2.45 | 0.070 | 1.02 | 0.55–1.90 | 0.951 |
| 3rd heart sound | 1.48 | 0.65–3.34 | 0.350 | 1.41 | 0.58–3.41 | 0.446 |
| Cardiothoracic ratio >0.5 on X‐ray | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.194 | 1.12 | 0.71–1.78 | 0.613 |
| Pulmonary oedema on X‐ray | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.075 | 1.53 | 0.89–2.65 | 0.124 |
| Pulmonary rales | 2.04 | 1.40–2.98 | <0.001 | 1.29 | 0.80–2.07 | 0.294 |
| Minor | ||||||
| Peripheral oedema | 1.61 | 1.18–2.17 | 0.002 | 1.33 | 0.93–1.90 | 0.118 |
| Nocturnal cough | 1.07 | 0.69–1.65 | 0.774 | 0.72 | 0.43–1.18 | 0.195 |
| Dyspnoea at exercise | 1.21 | 0.87–1.68 | 0.252 | 0.84 | 0.57–1.24 | 0.374 |
| Hepatomegaly | 1.98 | 1.01–3.88 | 0.046 | 0.81 | 0.37–1.78 | 0.605 |
| Pleural effusion | 5.04 | 2.45–10.4 | <0.001 | 3.38 | 1.47–7.76 | 0.004 |
| Tachycardia (>100 bpm) | 0.69 | 0.32–1.46 | 0.329 | 0.94 | 0.41–2.13 | 0.878 |
CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.
a
Adjustments for gender, age, glomerular filtration rate, log haemoglobin, log sodium, systolic blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, and New York Heart Association class.