Table 1.
Characteristics of patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the three time cohorts and the total sample
| Characteristics of ECMO‐treated patients in the three time cohorts (n = 74) |
1988–2000 n = 10 (14%) |
2001–12 n = 16 (22%) |
2013–15 n = 48 (64%) |
1988–2015 n=74 (100%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) (range) or no (%) | Mean (SD) (range) or no (%) | Mean (SD) (range) or no (%) | Mean (SD) (range) or no (%) | |
| Age (years) | 31 (21) (0–58) | 48 (21) (0–73) | 52 (16) (2–76) | 48.6 (0–76) |
| Age < 18 | 2 (20) | 1 (6) | 2 (4) | 5 (7) |
| Male | 5 (50) | 12 (75) | 31 (65) | 48 (65) |
| ECMO mode | ||||
| VA | 7 (70) | 15 (94) | 42 (87.5) | 64 (86.5) |
| VV | 3 (30) | 1 (6) | 6 (12.5) | 10 (13.5) |
| Reason for support | ||||
| Cardiac; all indications | 2 (20) | 12 (75) | 29 (60) | 43 (58) |
| Cardiogenic shock | 0 | 8 | 18 | 26 |
| Post‐cardiotomy | 2 | 4 | 11 | 17 |
| Pulmonary | 5 (50) | 1 (6) | 7 (15) | 13 (18) |
| E‐CPR | 3 (30) | 3 (19) | 12 (25) | 18 (24) |
| Bridge to transplant | 0 | 3 (19) | 3 (6) | 6 (8) |
| Days ventilated pre‐ECMO | 4 (10) (0–26) | 0.25 (0.4) (0–1) | 0.6 (1.5) (0–9) | 0.9 (0–26) |
| Pre‐pH < 7.2 | 4 (40) | 8 (50) | 24 (50) | 36 (49) |
| Cardiac arrest pre‐ECMO | 3 (30) | 6 (38) | 27 (56) | 36 (49) |
| Cannulation | ||||
| Central/peripheral | 2/4 (20/40) | 1/11 (6/69) | 4/39 (8/81) | 7/54 (10/73) |
| Surgical/percutaneous | 4/2 (40/20) | 11/1 (69/6) | 41/2 (86/4) | 56/5 (76/7) |
| Not registered | 4 (40) | 4 (25) | 5 (10) | 13 (17) |
| Days on ECMO | 6 (6) (1–21) | 4.5 (3) (0.3–14) | 6.6 (6) (0.3–21) | 6 (0.3–21) |
| Days of hospital stay | 15 (10) (5–29) | 13 (10) (1–35) | 21 (26) (1–125) | 19 (1–125) |
| Discharged ongoing ECMO | 0 | 2 (13) | 6 (13) | 8 (11) |
| Survived ECMO | 6 (60) | 8 (50) | 28 (58) | 42 (57) |
| Survived 30 days | 5 (50) | 7 (44) | 22 (46) | 34 (46) |
| Cardiac; all indications | 0 | 5 (42) | 13 (45) | 18 (42) |
| Cardiogenic shock | 0 | 3 (38) | 11 (61) | 14 (54) |
| Post‐cardiotomy | 0 | 2 (50) | 2 (19) | 4 (24) |
| Pulmonary | 3 (60) | 1 (100) | 4 (57) | 8 (62) |
| E‐CPR | 2 (67) | 1 (33) | 5 (42) | 8 (44) |
| Survivors with neurological injury | ||||
| Central | 0 | 0 | 5 (23) | 5 (15) |
| Peripheral | 2 (40) | 1 (14) | 7 (32) | 10 (29) |
ECMO set‐up was defined by the last configuration used. The occurrence of neurological injuries in survivors is as described by discharge note information.